Breast Cancer and Your Genes

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally. Up to 15% of all breast cancer cases may be caused by genetics. We take a look at the genes involved in breast cancer and how genetic testing can help women take preventive steps against the disease.

Genes and the Risk of Cancer

Most cancers are not inherited, but some types of cancer can be influenced by our genes and can run in families.

We have certain genes within our DNA that are there to protect us against getting cancer, by correcting any damage that occurs when our cells divide.

But if we have inherited a mutation or fault within these cancer fighting genes, then our risk of the disease increases significantly. Our body is unable to repair the damaged cells and they eventually form a tumor.

Breast Cancer Genes

The most common breast cancer genes are called BRCA1 and BRCA2. People with a variant or alteration in these BRCA (which stands for Breast Cancer) genes, have an increased risk of the disease. The variation also increases the risk of ovarian, endometrial, and colorectal cancer, and increases the risk of prostate cancer in men.

Breast cancer gene alterations aren’t very common in general, but they are common in those with breast cancer, and are found in around 15% of all cases.

The genetic alterations can be inherited from your mother or your father, so all family members should be considered when your doctor asks about your family history.

How Do I Know if I Have a Breast Cancer Gene?

If cancer runs in your family, then speak to your doctor about genetic testing. This is the only way to know for certain if you have an inherited breast cancer gene.

This type of genetic testing is called predictive, as a positive result means you have an increased risk of developing breast cancer.

However, a positive result does not mean that you have cancer or that you will definitely go on to develop it.

What Happens if I Test Positive?

Knowing that you have an inherited breast cancer gene means you can take steps to manage your risk of developing breast cancer. For example, your doctor can advise many lifestyle factors that will lower your risk, such as changing your diet and increasing physical activity.

Your doctor will talk to you about the importance of self-examination, and you may be advised to attend more regular breast screening or start screening at a younger age. Risk-reducing surgery may also be recommended.

Making the Decision

Not everyone who has a strong family history of cancer decides to get tested. But knowing whether you are at an increased risk means that you can take additional tests to ensure cancer is caught earlier when it is easier to treat.

Remember, a negative genetic breast cancer gene test doesn’t mean you aren’t at risk. Women over 40 should always attend regular mammograms and be aware of the early signs and symptoms of breast cancer.

Want to Know More About Genetic Testing?

If you are concerned that a family history of breast cancer may be putting you at an increased risk of disease, or you simply want to find out more about genetic testing, get in touch with the team at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi’s Breast Health & Cancer Program.