Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are often confused. But while the two may have similar names, and share some of the same symptoms, they are in fact very different conditions. We explore the key differences and highlight why getting a correct diagnosis is so important.
IBS versus IBD – an overview
Despite the fact that the two chronic conditions are very different, IBD is often misdiagnosed as IBS.
IBD is a term that refers to a range of inflammatory disorders affecting the intestines. The two most common types are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. People with IBD suffer from inflammation of the lining of the intestinesUlcerative colitis usually affects the rectum or colon, whereas Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. Symptoms of IBD include frequent trips to the bathroom, stomach cramps, blood in the stool and weight loss. It is generally managed by medication or surgery.
IBS affects the GI tract and unlike IBD, it does not cause inflammation. Symptoms include a change in bathroom habits and stomach pain. The cause isn’t clearly understood, but doctors believe that food intolerances, bacterial infections, and stress may be triggers.
The numbers
IBS is a very common condition, affecting around 15% of the global population, and is a leading reason for a visit to the gastroenterologist.
IBD affects between 2-4% of the population, and often goes undiagnosed, but the number of people living with the condition is increasing.
The symptoms.
IBS sufferers usually experience the following symptoms:
- Diarrhea
- Stomach pain and cramps
- An urgent need to use the bathroom
- Constipation
The symptoms of IBD can be the same, but might also include:
- Extreme tiredness
- Joint pain
- Weight loss
- Malnutrition
- Inflammation of the eyes
- Rectal bleeding
As well as a sudden urge to use the bathroom, people with IBS sometimes feel like they haven’t completely evacuated their bowels. While both conditions usually cause discomfort in the stomach, the location of the pain differs. Most people with IBS report a frequent or continuous stomach pain, which can be like a cramp, an ache, or a sharp pain.
As well as severe stomach pains, people with IBD can experience pain in other parts of the body, including the joints, eyes, inside the mouth, and a sensitivity of the skin.
Diagnosis
A diagnosis of IBS is usually made by looking at your medical history, discussing symptoms, and performing a medical exam.
Diagnosing IBD is more complex, can take longer, and requires tests to rule out other conditions. These tests may include blood and stool studies, imaging of the GI tract, endoscopic investigation, and biopsies.
Treatment
IBS usually responds well to lifestyle changes, medication, and avoiding triggers.
Treating IBD is more complex and depends on the type and severity of the condition. The aim is to treat and hopefully prevent any inflammation, as this can lead to permanent damage of the intestines over time. Medications can include steroids, immunomodulators, and biologics. Sometimes, surgery may be needed to remove the affected part of the GI tract.
IBS and IBD are very different conditions and require different approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Always talk to a gastroenterologist if you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above.