Thyroid Radiofrequency Ablation

Thyroid radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment for thyroid nodules. Traditionally, large benign thyroid nodules that cause troublesome symptoms were removed surgically. Thyroid radiofrequency ablation is a technology that, for some patients, offers an effective and less invasive alternative to surgery.

Thyroid nodule radiofrequency ablation is a procedure that requires a multidisciplinary team experienced in thyroid ultrasound, biopsies and ablation technology.

What are thyroid nodules?

Thyroid nodules are common thyroid disorders. They are a growth (lump) of thyroid cells in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones, which control body functions such as regulating body temperature, digestion, and heart functions.

Most thyroid nodules are benign (non-cancerous), but they can grow causing compressive symptoms such as difficulty swallowing or breathing. Symptoms can also include discomfort or pressure in the neck, as well as cosmetic concerns.

What is radiofrequency ablation?

Radiofrequency ablation is a treatment that uses heat to destroy tissue. Radio waves are sent via a needle to the desired area, where the heat generated ablates (destroys) the tissue.

Radiofrequency ablation is often used to treat pain. Radio waves are applied directly to nerve tissue to destroy it. This stops pain signals from being sent to the brain. It is a treatment offered to some patients with long-term pain in the lower back, neck or joints, when medication hasn’t offered relief.

How does thyroid radiofrequency ablation work?

For patients with large, benign thyroid nodules, that are causing symptoms, your doctor may recommend radiofrequency ablation as an alternative to surgery.

An ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy will first be performed to confirm that the nodule is benign. If the nodule is suspected of being malignant, it will usually be treated surgically.

A radiofrequency ablation procedure involves inserting a very fine needle into the thyroid nodule. The needle, acting as an electrode, is guided by ultrasound to ensure accurate placement. Radio waves are then applied to the thyroid tissue which generate heat. The heat treats and shrinks the nodule.

The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and within an outpatient setting, offering a less invasive alternative to surgery.

How effective is thyroid radiofrequency ablation?

Following thyroid radiofrequency ablation, the targeted nodule will decrease in size over the next 6 to 12 months. This leads to an improvement in neck compressive symptoms and the cosmetic appearance of the neck.

Thyroid radiofrequency ablation is considered a safe and effective outpatient treatment for patients with symptomatic, benign, large, predominantly solid thyroid nodules.